Water is vital for life, but for a rare number of people, it can induce an allergic reaction. Before having to surreptitiously avoid water at all cost, and then finding they abruptly developed a rare and confusing condition called aquagenic urticaria — it’s when your sweat makes you breakout in hives — the two friends lead very normal and normal lives. In this article, we’ll examine whether someone can actually be allergic to water, the symptoms, causes and how to manage this unique condition.
What Is Aquagenic Urticaria?
Aquagenic urticaria — a rare medical condition in which people get itchy, painful hives or rashes after the skin comes into contact with water. This reaction can happen with any water type: ap water, rainwater, or even sweat. It is not a traditional allergy, as it is not the body’s immune system reacting to a foreign substance. Rather it is a type of physical urticaria, where the trigger is physical stimuli.
What Are the Symptoms of Aquagenic Urticaria?
Syndrome symptoms may range in intensity but usually consist of:
- Red, itchy hives or welts: These appear within minutes of skin being exposed to water.
- Burning or stinging sensation: It can be painful in the areas affected.
- Localized swelling: The skin may swell in localized areas it is exposed to water.
- Sensitivity to all water: The sensitivity happens irrespective of the water’s temperature or source.
Symptoms usually resolve within 30–60 minutes of drying the skin.
Causes of Aquagenic Urticaria
The exact cause of aquagenic urticaria is not well understood, yet researchers speculate that it might have to do with a hypersensitive reaction to water-soluble substances. The water can also interact with some elements in the skin and release histamine, explaining the hives and itching.
There are theories suggesting genetic or autoimmune factors that may be underlying, though these are still being explored.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Aquagenic urticaria is diagnosed by:
- Medical History: Assessing symptoms and any trends correlated with water exposure
- Skin Water Challenge Test: Controlled addition of water to the skin and observing readings.
There is no cure, but treatments aim to manage symptoms:
- Antihistamines: Help prevent the release of histamine and relieve itching.
- Barrier Creams: To keep the water from all touching the skin.
- Phototherapy: This involves controlled exposure to UV light to desensitize the skin.
- Lifestyle Changes: Taking lukewarm baths/showers for shorter durations can help reduce symptoms.
18 April 2019 Lifestyle Living with Aquagenic Urticaria
If you said yes to any of the questions above, you suffer from a condition called aquagenic urticaria. People may have to avoid water-based activities like swimming or make sure they dry quickly after sweating or swimming. Emotional and psychological support can also help, and managing a rare condition can feel isolating.
Can You Be Allergic to Drinking Water?
Keep in mind that aquagenic urticaria targets skin, not the digestive tract. Such people can drink water safely without it inducing symptoms as the reaction only happens when the skin comes into contact with water exteriorly.
Final Thoughts
Aquagenic urticaria isn’t common, but it does show how complex and unique the human body can be. If you think you or someone you know may be affected by this condition, it is important to see a healthcare professional for correct diagnosis and treatment.
However, now researchers have discovered the mechanism behind aquagenic urticaria, the understanding and management of the condition can be done in a much more accessible way, leading those affected to lead a more comfortable life in spite of the challenges presented.
